On the edge of '17

 The Caribbean Winter League has concluded (congrats to the champion Jacksonville Red Caps and to league MVP Rogers Horsnby), and all the players have had time off to recuperate (or in Hornsby's case to stare out the window and wait for spring). Now they've all gathered in their training camps, with the first games about to start. 

OOTP, for whatever reason, has some limitations with how it runs its spring training.  Rather than teams defining a spring training home, there's a common stadium used for all. And rather than playing any interleague games, only games against in-league teams are scheduled. I could go in and hand-derive a schedule or see if there's one to download, but last year I just ran with it and I probably will again this year. But these are minor quibbles.

Once again, rather than having the Yankees (and thus, any of the AL teams) have a single ST home, I'm taking them on tour. Last year started in Havana and worked its way through Tampa, New Orleans, Hot Springs, Louisville, and Indianapolis. This year we're going to start in California and work our way east. I'm planning the five weeks of ST to be spent in two cities per week: SF and LA; Tucson and Waco; Galveston and Memphis; Birmingham and Atlanta; Richmond and Atlantic City. All of these except Birmingham are originals, all but Richmond are done (and Richmond is close). 

I've tried to improve the Yankees over the course of the winter, at least a bit. I took advantage of my crystal ball and traded away Roxy Walters for Herb Pennock, which hopefully will help my pitching. I had to re-sign Cannonball Redding after the AI dropped him (I took over that particular AI duty afterward). I focused on drafting actual known MLB players, which included Pat Collins (who'll make up for trading away Walters) and Dutch Reuther. I also signed Lefty O'Doul, though that's looking a bit down the road (and of course he'll be a hitter not a pitcher). 

The real-life 1917 Yankees won at a .464 clip, which would give them 75 wins in a 162-game season. I'm reasonably confident we'll outplay that team. Their offense was 12% worse than average, not helped by an abysmal season at 2B by Fritz Maisel (who we traded to Brooklyn last year). Our 2B situation isn't great, but hopefully it's better than the OPS of 50 that Maisel gave that team. Our outfield should be substantially better, with Heilmann and Charleston in place of Tim Hendryx (who was actually pretty good that year) and Hugh High (riding the bench for us). 

Their pitching was about league average, and that's still our problem spot. Two of the OTL Yankees rotation aren't on my ATL Yankees at all: Bob Shawkey (good year) and Nick Collup (bad year). I'll have Alan Russell (good year) in the rotation rather than the pen. I'm hoping ST can sort out/help develop Dazzy Vance some more, but he looked terrible in Pensacola. Dick Redding started off well but had a few clunkers. Babe Adams is one of the pillars of the rotation right now, and in real-life 1917 he was in a random minor league. In fact, we're heading toward uncharted (for me) waters--real life WW1 took a bunch of people away from the game, but I'm playing with the development engine so they should keep playing. Whether the absences are seen as injuries or what, I don't know. 

Looking around the league: The OTL White Sox handily won the pennant over Boston. Here, Chicago is looking for their 3rd straight pennant. Their pitching looks to be mostly what it was in real life. They're missing Chick Gandil (not a big deal) and Joe Jackson (very big deal), but they'll clearly be the team to beat again. They added Pops Lloyd at shortstop and Fred Anderson, who won 20 games for Buffalo in 1916 but neither seems like a long-term solution. On the other hand, they're rich and don't show signs of getting less so. The Red Sox' pitching OTL was their main strength, and that looks to be completely intact in ATL. They also look like they're moving Babe Ruth to be their everyday first baseman in addition to taking a pitching turn, so they're going to be pretty formidable as well. They also still have Tris Speaker. 

So, the Yankees may need a miracle to get anywhere near first place. But hopefully we can at least finish above .500 and/or take advantage of what might come our way...

Atlantic City and All-Stars

 

I apparently enjoy gaming out various scenarios for this league and making ballparks for it as much as I do playing it.  Not that there's anything wrong with that.  As seems to have been the case all along, the new ballparks and gaming out parts are reinforcing one another. 

The thing that's on my mind right now is the All-Star Game. Historically, the first All-Star game was in 1933. But there's no particular reason they couldn't have been held earlier, and there are articles showing that the idea was being advocated back in 1915 or so (maybe I'll link them later). Scheduling an All-Star game might have been a logistical challenge, but since I'm not doing more than requiring things to be plausible, I think that's OK. So, I'm planning on an All-Star game starting in 1917.  Where should it be held?

The contemporary advocates for an All-Star Game back then said it should be in one of the biggest cities. Washington DC seems like another obvious possibility.  The newest, most impressive ballparks of the time were Shibe Park in Philadelphia, Forbes Field in Pittsburgh, and Comiskey Park in Chicago. Maybe Ebbets Field? In any case, the central location of Philadelphia relative to so many of the other MLB cities I have points to that as the location.

However, the idea of a neutral site has also occurred to me, especially with the rationale of getting major-league baseball out to places that don't typically get it and getting people excited about it.  So, I looked for stadia that were appropriately-sized and in a reasonable location that didn't already have an MLB team. Turns out there really aren't any. At one point I thought the Yale Bowl would work, and New Haven is a neat spot midway between Boston and New York. Yale Bowl was a big deal when it was built. The problem was that it was built pretty specifically as a football stadium, and there's no way to reasonably put a baseball field in there, especially for an event that's seeing itself as this important.  Another idea that occurred to me was holding it in LA after the end of the season (since a mid-season trip to LA did not strike me as plausible in 1917), but it struck me that that approach would be very unpopular in reality, both with most of the baseball-loving public and with the players. And also the owners. 

At that point, the new ballpark thing struck--I've been thinking about Negro League ballparks that I could model as a community service and had started doing Inlet Park in Atlantic City. At that point it struck me that Atlantic City would be a great spot for the All-Star Game--close to the major East Coast cities, geared toward tourism, willing to spend some cash, and looking for new stuff. The Miss America Pageant started in 1921. A sports complex was established at Bader Field in the early 20s, though baseball wasn't an early driver there as far as I can see.  One could imagine, though, the Atlantic City leadership approaching MLB after the ASG gets established and cutting a deal--we'll build a proper stadium (at Bader Field?) if you agree to hold the ASG there for 3 years or 5 years or whatever. I think some of the western cities might grumble, so maybe it'd be in Atlantic City 2 years out of every 3 or something. There's no obvious western counterpart to Atlantic City, so maybe it'd go to St. Louis or Chicago. Alternately, maybe it'd go to Brookside Stadium? It could be fun to hold the ASG there, even if the facilities are non-existent, just to have a 100k crowd....

Caribbean League Update

 

The Caribbean League is about 2/3 of the way through its 32-game 1916 season. At least, I think it's 32 games? That doesn't really make sense in terms of a 6-team league, but what do I know? The Yankees are associated with the Pensacola Pilots, in a division with Tampa and Jacksonville. The Southern Division has Santo Domingo and two Havana teams (Habana and Almendares, naturally). Each team has maybe 1-2 MLB stars on them--I limited MLB service to 3 years, but there are plenty of candidates. A few players were invited and passed (notably Babe Ruth), but it's been fun.

Pensacola has a heavy Yankees presence in its starting lineup--I decided to be hands-off (save in one case to be mentioned below) and let the AI do whatever. The 2-3-4 hitters all played for the Yankees last year: Watt-Heilmann-Charleston. Demoe is also usually a starter for the Pilots. Vance is on the team, as is Terry and Dick Redding. The meddling I did was to make them start Terry at 2B every other day (it is a development league after all), but it became clear that Terry will never be a 2B (at least not without some other things changing first) and I backed off on that. If I were trying to be in character as Yankees GM, I'd be concerned about Dazzy Vance, who has been awful. I'd be pretty happy with Dick Redding. The Pilots are in last place, largely due to their pitching. Oscar Charleston is hitting well over .400, Heilmann is doing fine. 

I was musing the other day about the version of Ken Burns' Baseball documentary that would come out in this universe, and imagining an oral history of "The Caribbean League Opening Season" where Oscar Charleston and Harry Heilmann are reminiscing. Or Allie Watt's interview in their Glory of Their Times, where he recounts being 16 years old and roommates with Vance and going to Cuba for the first time. Maybe I'll even write it myself. :) 

Alt-1916: What's left until 1917?

 

As seems typical, here's a post that I'm thinking will be short and only of personal interest and will probably end up somewhat long (and only of personal interest). Though the World Series is over (and congratulations to the Rustlers!), I've inserted a bit more baseball action before 1917's Spring Training starts because I apparently can't leave well enough alone (and as a way to learn how to use some other parts of OOTP).

First, I scheduled some exhibition games as post-season "City Series" or "State Series" sorts of things. I gave home field to whichever team had the better 1916 record unless I had some other reason, which included "I think it'd be cooler for the Yankees to play at Ebbets Field than the Polo Grounds".  Looking to the future I'm considering a NYC-area round robin and/or a Great Lakes Series, that sort of thing. 

And then I started thinking about the parks I'm making and the 1917 Spring Training I'm imagining: For 1916, teams started in Havana and then moved through Tampa, New Orleans, Hot Springs, Louisville, and Indianapolis playing games until the season started. This year I'm planning a tour starting in San Francisco and making the way back east. But that leaves a few parks I've made still unused--Durkee Park in Jacksonville and Gimnasio Escolar in Santo Domingo. And then I started thinking about Winter Leagues and ran across how an Arizona Fall League-type setup was a template that was included. 

So, I set up a six-team league with a Florida division and a Cuba/DR division. Two of the teams are in Havana. I need to make sure it'll work right, but this strikes me as a way to get some development time for young players and also have a bit more fun in-world. In principle this could also be a fun way to have teams in some other random spots. In the future, I could see putting in a couple more teams--maybe Orlando, maybe Mobile, not sure about another non-US team but I can look at what the historic teams are (maybe the Estrellas Orientales? or the Santa Clara Leopards?).

Alt-1916 Final Stats, etc.

 

We're three games into the 1916 World Series, and the Rustlers are up 2 games to 1. They would have been up 3 to 0, but the White Sox had a big comeback in the 9th inning of Game 1 to tie it up and then won it in 11. Game 4 will be a rematch of the Game 1 starters, so we'll see how that goes. 

The stat leaderboards were dominated by the usual suspects. I'm going to ignore WAR because Roger Peckinpaugh was the AL WAR leader and I saw him every day and that's ridiculous. The AL leaders in the Triple Crown stats were Cobb (.354), Pipp (11 HR), and Veach (106 RBI). The only person to appear in the top 7 of each of those stats was Bobby Veach, though I don't know that his season was that impressive, exactly? The White Sox really didn't put anyone among the league batting leaders in anything, other than Eddie Collins finishing 2nd in WAR (which, again, is influenced by fielding such that being pretty good at an important position will make up for being a terrible hitter, not that Eddie Collins is a terrible hitter).  The real eye-popping performance was Edd Roush finishing 5th in batting, and 1st in slugging thanks to a near-record 34 triples. He'll get some MVP votes, though I suspect it'll be Cobb or Joe Jackson who wins it.

The pitching leaders also didn't have terribly many White Sox players, instead being dominated by the Red Sox. Dutch Leonard led the league in ERA and pitching WAR, and was tied for 3rd with 24 wins (Cicotte and Walter Johnson tied for 1st with 25). Babe Ruth led the league in innings pitched with 354.1. Rube Evans of Newark finished 2nd in the league in quality starts, one of a few players who had a short and/or poorly-documented minor league career but a really good Alt-1916. 

The National League batting leader, Zach Wheat, was way off of the pace the AL leaders set. On the other hand, Cy Williams nearly doubled the HR total of Pipp and Gavvy Cravath was only one behind at 19. Casey Stengel, of all people, finished 3rd in HR with 11. Maranville led the league in WAR much the way Peckinpaugh led the AL (but moreso). 

The NL pitching leaders were dominated by Reds and Blues, with Cincinnati placing 2 players in the top 7 in ERA (including Bunny Hearn on top) and Buffalo putting 3 in the top 7. But it was Hippo Vaughn who led in pitching WAR and strikeouts. 

While the pennant winners didn't place many individuals on the leader boards, they did rather well as teams: Chicago led the AL in OPS and SLG and finished 2nd in runs (behind Detroit) and finished 2nd in ERA and runs against (behind Boston in both), while the Rustlers finished 2nd in runs scored (behind the Cubs) while staying middle of the pack (4th) in most pitching categories and finishing 1st or 2nd in most fielding categories.

For comparison and completeness, the Yankees were middle of the pack in hitting and pitching, and were maybe a little bit better than average in fielding. 

The biggest North American cities without MLB: 1920/1930

 

I'm mostly putting this here as a resource for myself. 

Compiling the 1920 US Census, 1921 Canadian Census, Mexican data from 1921, the 1919 Cuban Census, and the 1920 Santo Domingo Census, the largest cities without MLB and their populations circa 1920 were:

1. Baltimore (733k)
2. Montreal (619k)
3. Mexico City (615k)
4. Los Angeles (577k)
5. Toronto (522k)
6. Buffalo (507k)
7. San Francisco (507k)
8. Milwaukee (457k)
9. Newark (415k)
10. New Orleans (387k)
11. Minneapolis (381k)
12. Havana (364k)
13. Kansas City (324k)
14. Seattle (315k)
15. Indianapolis (314k)

In Alt-1915 (Alt-1916 by now), four of these cities do have MLB: #1 Baltimore, #6 Buffalo, #9 Newark, and #13 Kansas City.  Some of the remaining cities are non-starters for teams before the 1940s for various reasons (I'm considering a post about the pros and cons of expansion to various cities).

I don't imagine expansion before the mid 20's, though. Here are the same numbers for c. 1930, with the Alt-1915 teams removed:

1. Los Angeles (1.2M)
2. Mexico City (1.0M)
3. Montreal (819k)
4. Havana (728k)
5. San Francisco (634k)
6. Toronto (631k)
7. Milwaukee (578k)
8. Minneapolis (464k)
9. New Orleans (458k)
10. Seattle (365k)
11. Indianapolis (364k)
12. Rochester NY (328k)
13. Louisville (307k)
14. Portland OR (302k)

So, again, some of these teams are non-starters but I'm including them for completeness. Houston isn't too far below Portland but doesn't necessarily offer much advantage. 

Let's see if I can figure out transit times for some of these cities for the next relevant post. I think Minneapolis-St. Paul (St. Paul adds another 235k to the 1920 Minneapolis number and 272k to the 1930 number) may be somewhat further from other cities than I'd thought, though I still think it's much closer than New Orleans would be. 

Alt-1916: A quick thought about team names

 

I was thinking about this last night, so figure I'll put it here so I don't forget and/or so I get it out of my system.  

Established teams don't change their names often nowadays. The name change we're anticipating for Cleveland will be the first since the Colt .45s became the Astros over 50 years ago, and before that they'd happen every decade or so since the 20's. 1916 was near the end of a period of pretty frequent name changes, though, even if many of them were from one informal name to another one that ended up becoming formalized. So, if I were to change any team names, this would be a reasonably historical time for me to do so. The reason this might be of more than trivial interest is because of uniforms and caps, which is part of the fun (for me, anyhow). 

In real 1916, only one team didn't have their current name: The Brooklyn Robins. I don't see any particular reason to diverge from their historical path, where they adopted the Dodgers name in the 30's. On the other hand, they were already occasionally known as the Dodgers informally anyhow. 

The four Federal League teams are mixed group. The Buffalo Blues is a fine name, and I don't see any reason to change it. I prefer it to the historical "Bisons" name that the AAA team used, for what that's worth. The Kansas City AAA team was historically called the Blues, so uniforms exist with that name. Relatedly, I think I'll also keep the Kansas City Packers name--there have been various minor league teams called the Packers, and of course there's the NFL team so it's not a completely random name. If I decide to move away from the Packers name, Kansas City could become the Monarchs but I'd like to reserve the Royals for Montreal. I think Baltimore is another straightforward case--they'll become the Orioles before too long. That's the traditional Baltimore team name over the centuries, they can start using the historical Orioles jerseys/caps, the Terrapins name hasn't been used by other teams, and would only have been in use here for 3-4 years. Newark is a bit trickier--if I knew they'd be staying in Newark I'd have their name change to the Bears, a traditional Newark AAA team name and one that's not otherwise taken. The Eagles could also work. So, we'll see how it looks in the mid-20's and whether it makes more sense for Newark to move or change their name or what.

That leaves the Boston Rustlers and Cleveland Spiders. In both cases, the real uniforms only had a city name or a plain pattern for years--Cleveland doesn't get to be a problem until the late 20's and not really unworkable until the mid-40's.  Boston is workable from 1920-1926 and then 1936-1944, and changed their uniforms often enough that I can probably bridge various gaps. The Spiders is a great name, but there's no minor league team uniforms I can find for it. I can plausibly get something online or ask folks to make them for me, though? Boston became the Bees for a few years in the 30's, but never put that name on their uniforms. So, they could remain the Rustlers through that period. Or maybe they'll have changed their name to some other thing. If they go through a serious dynasty as the Rustlers, though, it may be hard to imagine them changing their name even if they relocate... So that might be another homebrew/request for the modders. 

Alt-1916 Season Recap, Before Looking at the Stats

 

The "Alternative-1916" regular season finished this morning with a meaningless game between Buffalo and St. Louis to determine who would finish in 6th place in the NL. The defending champion Boston Rustlers are looking for their unprecedented third consecutive World Series win, with the Chicago White Sox looking to avenge last year's loss. But I'm here to talk about the Yankees.

I managed basically* every inning of every Yankees game this season, and of course I made most decisions. I let the AI handle finances and eventually let it handle the transactions. It started out handling promotions/demotions before I took that over. I have a good sense of how the individual stats worked out, and of course an excellent sense of the overall narrative, but only an iffy sense of the team stats. 

Overall, this was a disappointing season for the Yankees. There was definitely a learning curve about all sorts of things though, so hopefully if nothing else I'm setting myself up to handle things better. But at the start of the season, coming off 90+ wins and 3rd place, I was not expecting to have the Yankees in 7th and consider myself lucky to finish at 82-80.  I'll try and give my impressions before looking at the stats in more detail to see if those impressions are correct...

Season Narrative: Started well enough, and things really went south a few months in before the team rallied a bit and then played terribly in August. We lost way, way too many games to bad teams. We'd have stretches of 12 games against the teams in 8th, 9th, and 10th, and win 5 of them. We got beaten 19-0 by a terrible Kansas City team that lost 20 games in a row to other teams immediately after wiping us out. We got hit by a spate of injuries and found ourselves 4 games below .500 in early September before recovering and finishing as well as we did. As an aside, in this universe we'd clearly be in a footnote about how the race for the batting title ended--Wally Schang of the A's had a several-point lead over Ty Cobb going into the final series but we kept Schang to 1 for 10 while Cobb went 7 for 10 in his last three games to handily take the title. 

Position Players: I feel like the position players, at least in terms of batting, mostly did ok to better than ok. Pipp had a great year, leading the league in home runs and batting about .300, and will probably get some MVP votes. Heilmann really blossomed and would have had a great chance to lead the league in hits if not for his late-season injury.  Oscar Charleston got eased into things via some pinch hitting and then occasional starts, but had taken over regular left field duties before too long. Baker had a nice bounceback year and was up at .320 before cooling off and ending up at .290 or so when injury ended his year. Frank Gilhooley did much better than I was expecting in center field, the catchers did fine (especially Nunamaker) and threw out a ton of baserunners, and Birdie Cree was a great 10th man. Baumann was ok. Peckinpaugh somehow lead the team in WAR despite batting about 20-30 points below what I was expecting. Elmer Miller did fine, and it's no dishonor to have lost your starting job to someone often considered one of the best 5-10 baseball players of all time. 

Pitchers: This was the real problem, I think. Plank came down to Earth in a serious fashion--he was in the running for the Cy Young Award in 1915 but I can only assume that being on the wrong side of 40 led to his steep decline. We picked up Chief Bender, but after a reasonably good start he hit a rough patch he never got out of. Ray Fisher was awful. Caldwell was hurt all year. Alan Russell was the one bright spot, winning 23 games. He'll clearly get some Rookie of the Year votes. We picked up Babe Adams and Pat Ragan from Brooklyn for Fritz Maisel (who was having a terrible year and not starting), and while Adams did all right Ragan was up and down and found himself in the bullpen. Bender and Fisher ended up in the reserves. Mogridge was all right until our awful August, part of an overall relief pitching problem we had--I don't know how many games we lost in the 8th and 9th, and how many of those were 3+ run leads, but it seemed like an awful lot. I made the big changes just as we were turning things around (not sure whether there's cause and effect or not), I figured the cake was basically baked and I might as well see if Dazzy Vance was ready to join the staff or not. Vance did all right, mostly in relief but with one start in the season's penultimate game. 

Defense:  Maddeningly bad. I think we actually were middle of the pack with defense, but it felt like we made 2 errors per game more often than zero, and they were always at the worst possible times. I recognize this is confirmation bias, but we had a 7 error game. Eddie Plank wasn't good, but I feel like he was always down 5-0 or 6-2 because the team had given up 3-4 unearned runs. Harry Heilmann was an absolute butcher in right field, as mentioned above.  The bright spot was that we threw out a ton of people trying to steal second. I'm giving myself partial credit since a great many of them were on pitchouts that I called. 

Injuries: Compared to 1915, 1916 was mostly injury free other than losing Caldwell's season early on until the wheels suddenly came off near the end of August. Baumann was hurt, which meant Cree now was pressed into being a starter. Then, Baker was hurt, which meant Boone had to play 3rd base every day. Then, Heilmann was hurt, so Miller got a starting job again in right field. Then Miller got hurt and Cree moved to the outfield. At that point, Allie Watt was the starting 2nd baseman at 16 years old. Watt's first start, though, was at 3rd base when Peckinpaugh was too tired to play and Boone, our only other shortstop, moved over and we had nobody who could play 3rd base. So Watt's first career major league start, at 16 years old, was at a position he had never played before. Amazingly, this was after the team had started to turn things around in terms of winning.

Meta Issues: As I've mentioned here before, the butterflies have already started to flap. In real life, every AL pennant of the 1910s went to the A's (1910-11, 1913-1914), the Red Sox (1912, 1915-1916, 1918), or the White Sox (1917, 1919). The White Sox seem to have shown up early in this simulation, perhaps in part because the A's didn't fully tear down--the 1916 A's were one of the worst teams in real-life history, but they finished with 90 wins in 3rd place in Alt-1916. With some of the players that fueled Boston in 1915-1916 still with Philadelphia, the White Sox' window opened early (maybe?) and the Red Sox' late-decade window may not open at all.   There's no particular reason to think that that's going to change, and some of the pitchers who I would have liked to have on my staff went elsewhere because I didn't understand the draft or the way that player development was going to work (maybe I still don't). We've got excellent pieces for a great team (especially as we get toward 1920) but I can't imagine we're going to get Babe Ruth. 

Plans for 1917: I should probably delay details until I've looked at the stats. I've signed Cannonball Dick Redding as a free agent, we'll see if he can help. Vance will help. But I missed out on Shocker, Hoyt, and Pennock in last year's draft. On the other hand, it turns out I had Bill Terry in my reserves as a pitcher. I'm going to see if he can play second base, otherwise he'll be heir apparent to Pipp in the early 20s or maybe I'll have an outfield of Heilmann, Charleston, and Terry...

*The reason it's only "basically" is because during a particularly frustrating game in a particularly frustrating stretch I simmed out the last 3 innings of a game rather than play through it. My headcanon is that I got myself ejected. 

Alt-1916: A quick post about the NL

 It'll be a quick post because I honestly haven't been paying terribly close attention to the Senior Circuit. The Boston Rustlers, winners of the 1914 and 1915 World Series in this timeline, have been in the driver's seat during the 1916 season thus far as well.  Brooklyn, the pennant winner in real life, had a short stint atop the league, but Boston was never far behind and when Brooklyn had a mediocre June they were able to step back up to the top. 

The NL batting leaders are, honestly, mostly people I'd never heard of other than HR leader Gavvy Cravath. Max Flack of the Giants leads the league in batting at .333 and real-life leader Jake Daubart is nowhere to be seen on the leader boards. A presumably-clean Hal Chase on the Buffalo Blues is in the hunt for various awards and leads the league in hits.  Rabbit Maranville leads in WAR via whatever formula it is that seems to make anyone who can play shortstop well into a WAR leader. 

Pitching-wise, it's more familiar faces like Pete Alexander and Tom Hughes leading the league in important categories. 

Taking a step back and looking at the former Federal League teams, the Newark Peppers are hanging around in 7th place and only a few games below .500 thanks to a recent 4-game winning streak. The Packers with their 22-game losing streak are deep in last. This is a bit of a reversal of fortune compared to 1915 for these teams. Similarly, Buffalo is playing...not well, but well enough to be a long-ish winning streak from .500 while Baltimore is pretty firmly in last place. And also similarly, this is a reversal from last year, though Buffalo escaped the cellar. 

Alt-1916: Status at the "All-Star Break"

Since last time, I've plowed forward with running the 1916 season.  I've gotten to the July break where the All-Star Game would go if there were to be one, though of course there isn't. So it's a bit more than halfway through the season. Last season's pennant winners, the White Sox and Rustlers, are in good shape to repeat (in the Rustlers' case, it'd be three in a row). The Yankees have had a very streaky season, and to my dismay the streaks haven't made any sense--we had a rotten April (11-14), a great May (18-11), and a mediocre June (14-12).  The Yankees have a winning record against every team in the league except Chicago (3-10) and the 9th-place St. Louis Browns (4-8), and they've lost 6 in a row against the Browns. Indeed, if the Yankees were 8-4 against St. Louis instead of 4-8 they'd be hot on the heels of the White Sox.

The Red Sox have overcome a slow start and are now sitting in 2nd place, a few games ahead of the scrum that the Yankees are currently leading. The Philadelphia Athletics had a torrid start and were 35-19 at the end of May, though they've gone 12-24 since then. Since the 1916 A's were historically bad the more recent performance is more what I was expecting, though the fact Mack's dismantling of the team was interrupted in this timeline is clearly one of the major points of departure--a lot of players who ended up fueling the Red Sox pennants in 1916 and 1918 may stay in Philadelphia. Looking further ahead, the presumed lack of a Black Sox scandal may keep the Chicago team strong into the 20s. Since the White Sox have already won a pennant ahead of schedule and are on track to win in 1916, they may dominate for a while...

At the other end of the American League is the Kansas City Packers.  They're on pace for a 108-loss season and endured a 4-24 June, which mostly included a jaw-dropping 22-game losing streak. This losing streak would have been the longest in the 20th century, and has only been exceeded in real life by the 1961 Philadelphia Phillies and a few 19th-century teams. 

Stats-wise I'll just put up a few images with the American League batting and pitching leaders, and then call it a post. Click on the images to see the whole thing rather than the crop that shows up otherwise.

Alt-1915: 1916 Spring Training is Underway!

 

First, some closure:  The 1972 Pirates defeated the 2001 Mariners in 5 games (or was it 6?). I started playing the quick-start for all-time players in each franchise, got about 45 games in and I think I'm quitting in dismay--the Yankees are 3 games under .500, can't beat the all-time Mariners or Angels, and the bullpen (which should be amazing) is absolutely a train wreck. I believe they "balanced" the teams so that random franchises might have a chance, but I'm again finding that setups like this just aren't passing the sniff test for me right now.

So, instead I'm just focusing on Alt-1915, which is now in March 1916. Even here, though, I've had to mess with some of the bells and whistles. I've turned off the player morale/team chemistry as simply too distracting for me when I'm still learning the GM side of things, and not terribly realistic. For instance, I signed Oscar Charleston as an 18-year-old in mid/late-September 1915. The season ended shortly thereafter, and we have not played a real game since.  Nevertheless, when I checked his morale it had bottomed out because...I'm not sure why. He didn't play the last week of the season as an 18-year-old? He didn't make the depth chart that didn't mean anything? Similarly-ish, Dazzy Vance got left off of the Yankees Spring Training roster by the AI (despite being a regular request from would-be trade partners) and his morale was awful. After reading that bad morale would potentially slow or stop player development I decided to turn it off rather than wreck two hall-of-fame careers for reasons I couldn't understand or control.  That also frees me up in a few other ways--I'd been carrying a replacement-level player most of 1915 because he was a "captain" personality and would keep the clubhouse happy. But he also clogged a roster spot. And a trade I made with Washington brought back someone who's "disruptive", which led to some concerns. With the morale system turned off, I'm not going to have to worry about either of those things. Maybe I'll turn it on eventually? Don't know.

In any case, as noted we're in Spring Training. I've decided to treat this as they did back in the day and do a "tour" so that I can use more of these ballparks. Of course, it's not quite right since I'm playing real MLB teams and they'd have to tour along with us, but that's OK.  I played the first several games in Havana at Almendares Park, then went up to Tampa. After a few more games there we'll set things in New Orleans, then Hot Springs, and finally make our way to Indianapolis and Louisville for the final week before the regular season starts.

Things are looking pretty good, and I'm tickled with the games being held in the stadia I made.  Here's a tweet with a link to a video made during one of the games:

So! In case you're curious to see what these things look like in action, here's a view of Almendares Park in Havana, hosting my 1916 Yankees vs. the Newark Peppers during spring training. pic.twitter.com/IYXoN1XQV8

— Andy Rivkin (@asrivkin) February 3, 2021

 

I'll try to do a preview of 1916, and tie up any loose ends for 1915 that may still be around...

Alt-1915: A few more stadia and a few more thoughts

 

I've started on the Cloverland Series (Pittsburgh is up 2 games to 0), but I'm also at a point where I just finished one of the stadia for Alt-1915's Spring Training and thought I'd pause before jumping into the next one. Since my last stadium post, I've made five more: West Washington St. Park in Indianapolis, Pelican Stadium in New Orleans, Parkway Stadium in Louisville, Plant Park in Tampa, and Whittington Park in Hot Springs. The latter two figure to feature in Spring Training and I tried to set them up in their mid-1910s configuration when I could. The first three are more mixed--Indianapolis is definitely set up for mid-teens, while New Orleans is more mid-1920s and Louisville is a bit of a melange that's maybe more late 20s than anything else. 

I'm also not honestly sure when/if the first three will get used at this point. A mid-1920s expansion and a Peppers move could make one of them a viable landing spot, though if so I'd need to convince myself which one makes the most sense. By the next likely (to me) era for expansion/relocation, I think all would need to be revamped (and Indianapolis would already have moved to a new stadium, though one that somebody else has modeled already). 

Meanwhile, I'm thinking of plowing through three more Spring Training parks at this point--Barr's Field in Jacksonville, Katy Park in Waco, and Beach Park in Galveston. The first two have some decent documentation, but even well-documented parks still have proven to be more difficult than I might have anticipated...

As far as some of the things I was kicking around the last time I was posting about Alt-1915, I'm currently leaning against having the PCL come in as its own league, or at least not a full 8-team league. One of the questions I'm kicking around is how they'd handle territorial rules if they did go the third major league route--I'm imagining that the PCL as a major league wouldn't be allowed to expand into non-PCL regions, and in return the AL/NL wouldn't expand west of...the Rockies? So Denver and Texas are AL/NL regions, and cities that the PCL would be able to expand into would be Phoenix, Vancouver, and...I don't know. Riverside? Honolulu? Vegas? I suppose the PCL needn't get to be bigger than 10-12 teams. That might push the AL/NL expansion and/or the first wave of migration to the South, to Houston and Dallas and New Orleans (if not already taken) and Atlanta?  Again, though, lots of years of game time to get through before this is relevant...

The Cloverland Series About to Start!

 

I took a hiatus to enjoy the real baseball playoffs, and then was hit with various deadlines. Now that those are past (at least for now), I'm hoping to use the Thanksgiving break to play the Cloverland Series. I'm still poking at some Spring Training sites for Alt-1915, so I may or may not play that World Series--I suppose I probably should.

In any case, this is about the Cloverland Series, which pits the 2001 Seattle Mariners against the 1972 Pirates. Seattle took out the Twins in 6, with an insanely hot Edgar Martinez (.510 with 8 HR so far in the postseason) following up his ALDS MVP honors with an ALCS MVP, and Manny Sanguillen serving as the NLCS MVP after they defeated Atlanta in 7. 

The series starts in Pittsburgh, with Freddy Garcia slated to face Bob Moose (unless he's still not quite fully rested). 

Cloverland Leagues: Into the Playoffs!

After the huge set of core dumps about Alt-1915 and a lot of leisure time spent mulling whether a scenario where the PCL is promoted to MLB in the 40s (and eventually there's a fourth league split off so that each league doesn't get unwieldy), I figured I'd post about the original reason for this blog: The Cloverland Leagues.

I've documented here various frustrations with the stats that are getting generated (even though I blame nobody but myself), and am seeing this season as something of an experiment. I'll eventually do a recap of season stats for real (I suppose), but for now I'll reiterate that the offense was bananas.

I managed the Yankees, who faded badly. Again, a post-mortem will eventually come, but they would lose games they should have won, losing early and losing late, losing by blowouts and squeakers, by not hitting and by not pitching, the works. I think they finished in 3rd in the division, but they might have somehow stayed ahead of Boston. 

The AL division winners were the 2017 Blues, 2018 Astros, 2019 Twins, and 2001 Mariners. I'm not sure how fishy that is given how heavily weighted the team selection was to later teams, but I guess I will note that the oldest teams also tended to do poorly in the AL--I think the 1973 Orioles and 1982 Brewers finished in last. The NL division winners were decided pretty early and pretty emphatically--the 1972 Pirates, 2019 Dodgers, 1998 Firecrackers, and 1975 Reds. 

I've played through the first round of playoffs, and they were mostly drama-free: the Pirates and Firecrackers swept, the Twins won in 5 (or 4? I'd need to look it up), and the Mariners won in 6. Looking ahead, I think my final impression will definitely be shaped by who wins it all. If it's Seattle, I'd probably be satisfied that for all the frustrations and stat weirdness the end result made sense (and even matched the MLB Dream Bracket earlier in the year). I could believe that Atlanta, with multiple hall-of-famers and well over 100 wins, was the best team of the DH era. But the prospect of saying "the 2019 Minnesota Twins are the best team of the last 50 years or so" is nonsensical. 

Anyhow, on with the LCS!

How/Why/When Would Leagues Expand in an Alt-1915 Situation?

As noted a few times, the Alt-1915 league I'm running differs from reality by adding two teams to both the American (Kansas City and Newark) and National (Buffalo and Baltimore) Leagues. As a result of the backstory that gets us there, the court case that confirmed MLB's anti-trust exemption never happens. Also, instead of the Federal League ending pretty ignominiously, it can be seen as a partial victory since half of the teams survived. 

So, what does all this imply?  Obviously, details will depend on the records of various teams and I'm not making specific decisions yet, but... 

There are still the conditions in place for future challenges to MLB: There are still underserved parts of the country, and I think the reserve clause is still in place. On top of that, four fewer high-level minor league cities exist (so there will be fewer high-quality minor leagues?). Milwaukee will be by far the largest city, and the only one in the 16 largest US cities (by 1920 population) without an MLB team. However, there are a few other cities that seem like plausible sites for MLB teams based on 1920 population and 1930 population: Minneapolis was larger than Kansas City in 1920, and maintained that advantage through 1930. The same was true of New Orleans, Los Angeles, and San Francisco. Indianapolis and Seattle were smaller than Kansas City, but larger in 1930 than Kansas City had been in 1920.

Early expansion might be possible: Given that, and given the 10-15 year timeframe on which challenges to MLB had been happening, it seems like the mid-late 1920s would be when the next wave would occur. Maybe it would be another threatened league, maybe would-be team owners approach MLB and ask to buy in and replicate the Federal League results without going through the middle parts. Without an anti-trust exemption in place, maybe MLB is proactive rather than waiting for what they consider an inevitable challenge. The NL had been a 12-team league for most of the 1890s, so expansion to 12-team leagues might not be outlandish (though whether they'd split into divisions or not isn't clear to me). 

Where might they put teams? Milwaukee is the obvious spot. Minneapolis would be an obvious 2nd team. Would they expand just one league? Maybe. If two other teams were needed, where could they go? New Orleans seems tempting, but it also seems a bit far. The West Coast is definitely too far in the mid-20s. There are two other very large cities that I haven't mentioned so far, though--Montreal and Toronto. Both had 500,000+ inhabitants in 1920, which would make them the largest cities in North America without MLB. They grew even larger by 1930 (though LA would grow even faster and pass them). The International League existed in real life from 1915 or so onward, and had teams in both cities, giving the existence proof that the border wouldn't cause problems. They weren't terribly far from existing teams, but far enough to be distinct cities. They were on existing transportation networks. Given all this, a mid/late-20s expansion to Milwaukee/Minneapolis/Toronto/Montreal seems reasonable. 

Only one early relocation seems likely: I mentioned Harry Sinclair's future legal problems elsewhere. These would probably slightly predate (or maybe come at the same time?) as the possible early expansion. If Newark was coming off of a decade of terrible teams with poor attendance and was hemorrhaging money, a new owner might be eager to move out of Newark. Again, Milwaukee would be the obvious place to go, but given what I was just saying I might be talking myself into Toronto as the place to move. In any case, if there was a move, it'd require coming up with one more expansion site. And if Newark is doing really well, I don't see why they'd move. I don't see other moves as terribly likely before 1940, for the reasons I gave in previous posts--it took that long for the effects of radio to make clear that some cities could only really support one team and I don't see any obvious reasons for teams to bail out of their home cities before then.  

Timing of general relocations could be a bit earlier than in real life, but probably not that much: As I noted, I don't see teams moving before 1940. I have no idea how the game will deal with the Depression or WWII, but if they have an effect I'll try to adapt as the real teams did. And, again, if 1940 or 1950 or 1960 (assuming I get that far) finds both the Browns and Cardinals (for instance) in great shape, I don't see why they couldn't both stay in St. Louis.  Once the relocations do seem like they'd happen, though, I think they could go anywhere in North America that makes sense--the Browns' would-be move in 1942 shows that LA would have been doable then. People argue that it wouldn't make sense for just one team to move, but the Browns attempted move suggests otherwise. Still, even without any late 20's expansion or a move by the Peppers, there's not too many other places for teams to go other than the West Coast and there will almost certainly be 3-7 teams looking to move. The details might also differ, as I've probably beaten into the ground by now--the Dodgers and Giants shared New York for 60-70 years, and there was nothing inevitable about the most intense part of their rivalry occurring just as they were looking to move. So, maybe one moves but not the other, just like things were heading if Robert Moses gave the Dodgers a domed stadium in Brooklyn. Maybe it's the Cubs and the Cardinals that move together. Heck, maybe the Peppers and Athletics will have some intense multi-decade rivalry and also be the ones who have to move out of their cities. 

I have no idea how a second wave of expansion/relocations will go, but that's part of the fun:  So, I guess I'm outlining a scenario that gives MLB 24 teams by 1930, which is about 40 years before they had that many in real life. Alt-1915 will likely have teams in Buffalo and Toronto at its 24-team stage, which real-life MLB24 didn't, but MLB24 had teams in San Diego, Atlanta, and (eventually) Dallas, which I don't see Alt-1915 having in 1930 or even 1950. It's possible that early expansion will indicate a mindset that will lead to a much larger MLB than we have now--40 teams by 2000? Maybe the weakened minors in the East (especially if an early expansion takes up even more of the main cities of the real-life International League and American Association) would lead to a push for the Pacific Coast League to be a major league? When we think that a city is too small to host a major league team, that's based on a particular history and economic model that may not have been inevitable had different choices been made earlier. It's not terribly hard for me to imagine MLB teams in most of the places with NFL/NBA/NHL* teams that lack MLB: Memphis, Jacksonville, Nashville, Charlotte, Vancouver, Sacramento, New Orleans, Vegas, Columbus, Portland... Heck, Salt Lake City has had an NBA team for over 40 years. 

OK, I think it's time to close this post. In the last day or two I've been thinking about that second wave a bit more. Maybe I'll post more thoughts soon, even though it will likely be a few real-time years before they matter!

*The NHL also has a bunch of cities that clearly won't work, I think? Like, all the ones where it's going to be frigid at the start of the season. Maybe you could put domes in Calgary or Edmonton or something in the 70s, but I don't know if they win out? 

Why (in broad, speculative terms) have MLB teams relocated?

This will follow up the previous post that was looking at MLB team relocations/expansions. I'm ostensibly doing it for my OOTP solo league, but apparently I'm on a roll. There will probably be a third in this series, looking at the specifics of how that league will evolve given what I've been thinking in these posts... All of this is basically unreferenced at this point, some of it is speculative, and some of it is based on memory. I make no claim to be a historian, and I'm not looking for peer review. :)

Why did the Athletics, the Braves, the Dodgers, the Giants, et al. relocate? And why was there a big rush of relocations in the 50's/60's after a half-century of nothing?  Here, I think it's a function of the technology available and the nature of fandom at a given time, plus I suppose an evolving relationship between teams and their homes.

In 1950, five cities had multiple MLB teams. In 1960 only Chicago did. In 1950, four of the 13 largest U.S. cities were without an MLB team. In 1960 all 13 had a team. None of the moves in the 1950s left a city empty of MLB baseball. Several of the moves in the 1960s and after left cities empty--Milwaukee was empty 1965-1969, Washington was empty from 1973-2004 (if I remember right), and Seattle was empty 1970-1976.  Montreal's been empty since 2005. Several other city-emptying moves have been contemplated but not quite completed, including Minnesota and Tampa Bay to various spots. 

I think that first wave of moves had something of a different character than subsequent ones, presumably because it became impossible (or seen as impossible anyhow) for any but the very largest U.S. cities to host more than one team. I think that the Dodgers/Giants move was a harbinger of (many/most of) the more recent moves--teams moving not because they couldn't survive elsewhere but because they weren't making as much money as they'd like. But maybe more on that later?

There were a pair of relocations in the early American League, but those seem to fit the earlier discussion of "underserved places/underpaid players" more than modern-day relocations--the Milwaukee franchise moved to St. Louis and the Baltimore franchise moved to New York in order to put additional pressure on the National League. There was a Federal League relocation (Indianapolis to Newark) that had similar motivation. The first relocation discussion that I can find that is more of a modern one was the aborted move of the St. Louis Browns to Los Angeles for the 1942 season. So, by 1940 or so it became clear to at least some observers that relocation (even to the West Coast!) was an option.  

I think that the rise of radio and how it affected fandom led to the end of (most) multi-team cities, and TV hastened it. In 1920, teams could (and did) share ballparks. The only ways to be informed of baseball results in real time was to either be at a game in person or maybe go to one of the setups where people were connected by telegraph and updated an early version of Gameday. So, the Browns could let the Cardinals use Sportsman's Park because they weren't going to make any money from it that day, anyhow. And with average attendance at or below 10,000 (or even 5,000) per game, there was plenty of room for different teams in the cities (as long as they were cooperating on schedules and the like). 

Through the 1920s and 1930s, radio came in and provided additional revenue streams. Now, baseball fans in St. Louis had the choice of going to the park and watching the Browns or staying home and listening to the Cardinals (or vice versa). And folks out in rural Missouri (and as far as the signals would carry) could choose between listening to the Browns or the Cardinals on the radio (assuming the Browns games got broadcast at all). Given that the Cardinals were riding a string of pennants with Hall of Fame players and the Browns weren't, it isn't hard to imagine that the extra ad revenue from radio broadcasts helped the Cards cement their position as top dog in St. Louis by letting them invest in minor league teams and better players. I'm speculating here, but it seems to make sense. As far as other cities, I think the balance of power between teams was less obvious--the Athletics were much better than the Phillies in the very early 30s, but both were terrible and drawing terribly until just after WWII. I have read elsewhere that it was effectively luck of the draw that kept the Phillies in Philadelphia--both teams got attendance boosts for the first couple of postwar years, then the Phillies got good and the A's got worse and the attendance for the latter cratered. Boston seems to have become a Red Sox town starting in the mid-30s, and the Braves never outdrew them again even when winning the pennant in 1948. 

Once the bonds were broken between the teams that moved and their original homes, I think there was pretty clearly a period of much greater flux for them. Of the teams had not moved as of 1960, only the Washington Senators would ever move in the future (and they arguably found themselves put into a 2-team city given the proximity of Baltimore and DC, and they were immediately replaced via expansion).  So, while there were occasional attempts to woo Cleveland, Pittsburgh, the White Sox, or others, they clearly all found themselves insufficiently motivated to move either because they owned their cities, didn't have better alternatives, were afraid of lawsuits, or were content with their markets. 

A Unified, Broad, Vague Theory of Baseball Team Relocations/Expansions (at least for the purposes of Alt-1915)

 

This post is really intended for an audience of one: me. If you read it and think it interesting, great. But it's mostly so that I can get some thoughts down for the Alt-1915 OOTP league I'm running.  I'm trying to keep it realistic within the parameters I've set for it, and at least broadly historical. So, two of the overall questions to tackle is why the American and National Leagues expanded when they did and relocated teams when the did, and how would those events be altered in the setup I have?

I'm no historian, but I'm reasonably informed on baseball history. I think the two main interrelated issues were that there were an abundance of unserved/underserved places where money could be made playing baseball at a major league level, and that players were chronically underpaid. As a result, every 10 or so years, someone who realized the first part would try to take advantage of the second one--the National League was founded in 1876, but then the American Association in 1882, then the Player's League in 1890, then the American League in 1900, and the Federal League in 1913... Then, of course, there was the Great Depression and World War II, but almost immediately after that the Mexican League began poaching players in the mid/late '40s, and there was the threatened formation of the Continental League in 1960, which led to the first MLB expansion. By 1970 expansion and relocations were starting to take pressure off of the abundance of unserved places problem*, and the end of the reserve clause and institution of free agency later that decade got rid of the chronic underpayment of players (at least to the point that it didn't make sense to challenge MLB by starting a new league staffed with frustrated players). 

It also is striking to me that so much of the expansion were driven from outside MLB, at least until the expansions of the '90s. The Continental League forced the NL to expand to put a team in New York after the Dodgers and Giants departed (and to a lesser extent, to put a team in Houston) in defense. In order for the NL to put a team in New York, they had to agree to let the AL put a team in LA. The Athletics move to Oakland put Kansas City in a litigious mood, which led to a round of AL expansion the very next year to replace them with the Royals. Because they had to expand quickly, they had to put the Royals' expansion sibling, the Pilots, into Seattle before they were ready. Because the Braves moved to Atlanta, Bud Selig was heartbroken and determined to replace them. So he bought the Pilots and moved them to Milwaukee, a move that was possible because Seattle wasn't ready. But that led Seattle to sue MLB and that directly led to the 1977 expansion and the Mariners. And so on.

This got super-long, I'm going to cut here. I'd intended for this to be a series of posts, anyhow. I've cut and pasted a bunch of text into a follow-up post, read it here if you're interested..

*Added, 19 September: Upon reflection, I think that ~15-year cycle remained for at least a bit longer--once all the lawsuits etc. ended with the Mariners' expansion in 1977, the next (and voluntary) expansion was in 1993: 16 years later.  

Quick Check-In

 

The Cloverland League is skittering to its finish. I realized that I could check the "predicted standings" which indeed suggested that the runs scored were going to be through the roof and some of the other completely bananas aspects of things. The '98 Yankees have been steadily sinking, and Cleveland has won that division. I've been letting games autoplay once I realized things were set poorly.  I'll see this through, then re-assess.

Alt-1915 has been on hold, though for a reasonably positive reason--I've been making ballparks. With the pandemic going on and everything, I downloaded Sketchup about a month ago and have been messing around with it. Since I'd like the teams to play in these parks in Alt-1916, I've been holding off on the culmination of the 1915 season: the World Series to be played between the Chicago White Sox and the defending champion Boston Rustlers. 

I made ballparks for the four teams I mentioned in the last post, though not necessarily the ballparks that I mentioned. This was driven in part by the documentation that was available, and in part by the timing of things. I made Terrapin Park (aka Oriole Park (V)) first, since there was plenty of material on it and I knew the team would stay there for a while. I just finished Gordon and Koppel Field, which didn't have much documentation but had enough that I felt like I could get close. In real life, Buffalo played at a field for which I had basically no information so I modeled Olympic Park (II) instead, under the rationale that if they became a National League team they'd be able to kick the minor league team out of Olympic Park, which was the best field in town (and what will become Offermann Stadium in the early 20's). Finally, I kept waffling on Newark's ballpark--the real team played in Harrison Park because they couldn't get Wiedenmayer's Park. When the Peppers folded, the minor league team moved to Harrison Park for a year or two, but moved back to Wiedenmayer's Park after that, and the claim was that Newark fans didn't want to go to Harrison to see a game. In the end, that was how I rationalized putting the Peppers in Wiedenmayer's Park but again the available documentation about the park was what swung it.   These ballparks should hold these teams for a few years, though I expect all but Baltimore to move/upgrade in the early 20's: Buffalo and Newark's parks will upgrade in place, and Kansas City will move to Muehlebach Park. 

Alt-1915: The "expansion teams"

 

I wanted to write a little bit, if only for myself, about each of the four teams added from the Federal League, which is the point of departure from the real baseball in our timeline. Well, that plus the fact that it's all simulated, and the computer is handling transactions as it sees fit save for the team I'm running...I mean, the whole thing would be different anyhow, but this is a big catalyst.  There are four teams: the Baltimore Terrapins, Buffalo Blues, Kansas City Packers, and Newark Peppers.

I noted that I'm intending to write a post or two that generalizes about the factors that caused MLB to expand and teams to relocate. I'll include just a touch of my thoughts below, but only where relevant to the teams I'm discussing.

Baltimore: The Terrapins are clearly on the best footing of the expansion teams. They're owned by Ned Hanlon, a respected baseball man with Baltimore roots, who took things seriously enough that he sued MLB for antitrust violations, which ended up going all the way to the Supreme Court. The Terrapins have a perfectly good, new (if wooden) ballpark (Terrapin Park aka Oriole Park (V)), which was used all the way into the 1940s when it was destroyed by fire. Baltimore has a tradition of being a baseball town, and some of the greatest teams of all time (at least as of 1915) were the Baltimore Orioles of the 1890s, managed by Ned Hanlon (as it turns out), and well within living memory of many of Baltimore's adults. Baltimore itself was without a team since 1902 when the American League franchise folded and re-emerged in New York as the Yankees.  Since the all-time great time was in the National League and since the AL has a team in Washington, I figured Baltimore made more sense as an NL addition. The team itself has also been playing pretty well, all told. The Federal League teams had to make do with their existing rosters, whatever free agents they could pick up, and whatever trades they could swing. They're middle of the pack in most team categories (but 2nd in home runs!). They have a 20-game winner in Jack Quinn, and picked up Chief Bender who is probably their ace. Guy Tuteiler is leading the NL in slugging percentage thanks no doubt to his 33 triples (!!), and Miller Huggins has an impressive 105 BB as a batter, also leading the league. Though not contending, the Terrapins have been just a bit below .500 most of the year, and they're currently 76-83 with 3 games to go, 21 games out of 1st place but 13 games ahead of the next team behind them, who are...

Buffalo: The Blues had a decent record in the Federal League in 1914 and real-life 1915. Here, they're in 8th place, and will finish there either alone or in a tie with the Cubs. The Blues, as I understand it, sold shares to the public, so I'm not 100% sure who their owner is. This will, I think, make relocating this team unlikely in the long run (assuming I get far enough that relocations become relevant)--while Buffalo may seem like an unlikely spot for an expansion team or relocation destination nowadays, in this universe it'll be like the Pirates or Reds, and Buffalo is in a completely reasonable geographic position to retain a team. They're 8th in the league in attendance (ahead of the Terrapins and Cardinals), but very close to Cincinnati in 7th place and not so far behind Brooklyn and the Cubs ahead of the Reds. The Blues' current park (the International Fair Association Grounds) is a bit of a problem for me, there's not a lot of information about it.  Offermann Stadium would be built in 1924 out of concrete, I'm imagining in this timeline that will be moved up a bit. I put Buffalo in the NL mostly because that's what was left after thinking through the other teams. One could rationalize it by saying the NL didn't want the Great Lakes to just be an AL region (with Buffalo adding to Detroit and Cleveland), but really it's because it's what was left. Buffalo are a legit terrible team on offense, ranking last in the league in basically everything except home runs (they're 8th). Dave Davenport leads the team in WAR with 3.1, and has a 13-19 record to go with it. 

Kansas City: The Packers had kind of a funny history in a few ways that I think are relevant here. They were slated to be purchased and moved to Newark (see below), but people intervened (I'd need to look to remind myself whether it was the city or team management) and kept the team in town. That combined with the way that their politicians reacted when the Athletics moved to Oakland makes me feel like this team will never move. The Packers' home park is Gordon and Koppel Field, but Muehlebach Field was built in 1923 for the minor league team and like Offerman Stadium I'm thinking it'll get built a bit sooner here. The Packers are currently in 7th, but could plausibly finish in 6th depending on how the last weekend of games goes. Like Buffalo, they're terrible at offense, and are in 10th place in most categories (but 4th in home runs!). Their pitching has been decent, however. Elmer Rieger has been their best pitcher, though before the trade deadline I would have written George McConnell--McConnell had accrued a 10-4 record with a 1.70 ERA with the Packers before the Athletics acquired him for a couple of young players. Kansas City hasn't drawn a ton of fans, but that may be a function of where I have their market size set. I could bump it up.  For what it's worth, KC is in the AL because there's no history of an NL team in Kansas City and I just think of it as an AL town.

Newark: The worst team in the majors and one of the ones with the most question marks and potential influence on how this baseball world would evolve. When our story/league began, the Indianapolis team had just been purchased by Harry Ford Sinclair and moved to Newark. Perhaps I should have started while this team was still in Indianapolis, but I can rationalize that it was this move that forced the issue and led the leagues to make peace. In any case, the NYC area now has not three but four teams, though Newark is admittedly a bit further afield than Brooklyn from Manhattan. Naturally, rather than adding a 3rd NL team to the area, this meant that Newark had to be an AL team. 

What I've run across about Sinclair suggests that he enjoyed being a team owner, and either he didn't lose money on the team in the Federal League or didn't care that he was losing money.  I can't imagine he'd lose more money now that the Peppers were in the American League. In real life, Sinclair got embroiled in the Teapot Dome scandal in 1922, and after several years of legal trouble he ended up in jail in 1929. I have no reason to change any of this history, at least in the grand scheme. So, some time in the mid-1920s there's going to be a change of ownership because I can't imagine MLB being willing to have an owner in legal trouble like that in the 1920s. So, there will be an obvious decision point about what to do with the Peppers.  If it were the mid-50s (or plausibly even the mid-30s) rather than the mid-20s, it'd probably be obvious that they'd bail out of Newark and head to Milwaukee (or LA or whatever). But for reasons that I plan to write a whole post about (probably the next one about the Alt-1915 league), I don't think that a team would necessarily relocate in the 1920s. But it's way too premature to speculate in any case--for all I know the Peppers are about to establish some amazing dynasty and eventually drive the Yankees out of New York rather than vice versa. A plausible future for the Peppers does include one where they end up at the Meadowlands or some stadium built where Newark Airport is or something. 

As noted, the Peppers have the worst record in MLB, though they're only one game worse than the Cardinals. They have one real-life Hall-of-Famer on the team, Edd Roush, who's leading the team in batting average, slugging, and OPS. The pitching staff is "anchored" by Lefty Gervais, who is 10-24 with an ERA+ of 87 but still somehow has 3.7 WAR. In real life he had a total of 15.2 major league innings pitched in his career. He has 303.2 IP so far in Alt-1915. 

The Alt-1915 Project

So, in addition to the OOTP league with all-time great teams of the DH era, which I'm playing out a day at a time and have been blogging about in some detail, I also started another OOTP league at some point in the last couple of months (I don't remember when and don't know if it's easily retrievable). This league has a starting point in 1915 and I'm planning to play it out for a while (at least I'm planning that right now). I originally conceived it as a bit of a science experiment to test whether the Federal League should be considered a major league, but I quickly pivoted to the league structure I'm using, which can't really answer that question but will I think be more interactive and fun. I do hope to answer the original question at some other point, using a different setup (but still with OOTP).  For lack of a better, catchier name, I'm calling the league I'm running "Alternate 1915".

What Actually Happened: The Federal League, as you may know, was a challenger to the American and National Leagues that was founded in 1913, started raiding the major leagues for players in 1914, held two seasons, and folded at the end of 1915. There are lots of stories and books about the Federal League, suffice to say that they convinced some number of major leaguers to jump to their league, but not really big stars. The Federal League had a huge influence on baseball history, but ultimately they ran out of money faster than the established leagues and when peace was made after the 1915 season, it was without any of the Federal League teams surviving (though two Federal League owners ended up buying the Browns and Cubs as part of the aftermath). 

Premise: In real life, the Federal League sued the American/National Leagues, and the judge in charge of the case slow-walked things. In the end, that judge became baseball commissioner a few years later. Whether there were shenanigans involved or not, the premise here is that a different judge is in charge of the proceedings and conveys to everyone that it'd really be best if they worked it all out themselves because otherwise who knows what would happen. So, peace is hammered out shortly before the 1915 season begins, with the four Federal League teams in otherwise-unoccupied cities (Baltimore, Buffalo, Newark, and Kansas City) getting absorbed into the National League (the first two) and American League (the second two), and the four Federal League teams in cities with American and/or National League teams (Brooklyn, Pittsburgh, St. Louis, and Chicago) being dissolved with their players becoming free agents*. 

Peace came too late for Connie Mack, who had already begun dismantling the Philadelphia Athletics dynasty that had dominated the AL for several years. 

What I'm doing: I started a game with the 1915 teams and historical minor leagues, which for OOTP includes the Federal League. I promoted the four Federal League teams that I mentioned, then disbanded the Federal League and made their players free agents. I'm allowing the computer-run teams to do transactions as they see fit. Also, things will be integrated from the start. It's a better world than ours was. It's a 162-game schedule, with each team playing each other one 18 times. 

I'm a Yankees fan, so I'm managing the Yankees. I'm totally taking advantage of knowing the future, though I don't think the future necessarily must play out in the game the way it does in real life. Babe Ruth will clearly be an amazing hitter, but I don't know that the Yankees will get a chance to put him in pinstripes. I spotted Home Run Baker on the free agents list and (accidentally) made him the highest-paid player in the game. I also worked a low-level trade that netted Dazzy Vance. Both of them really were Yankees in 1916, so getting them a bit early doesn't tweak things too much. However, I also got Eddie Plank and Harry Heilmann as free agents. Plank is nearing the end of his career, while Heilmann was a well-regarded prospect.  Neither future Hall-of-Famer was ever a Yankee in reality. 

Current Situation: The real Yankees were pretty mediocre in 1915, finishing in 5th place at 69-83 and 32.5 games behind the pennant-winning Red Sox. Their Pythagorean record was 77-77, so they either got unlucky or had some other structural thing going on. Boston won the league with a .669 winning percentage. Here in Alternate 1915, the Yankees are 80-55 in late August, 12 games behind Boston and in 3rd place.  Boston has a fight on its hands, though, as they've been trading the lead back and forth with the Chicago White Sox. At the moment Chicago is 1 game back.  The Boston Rustlers have a comfortable lead in the National League, with the Giants 7.5 games back in 2nd place and the Phillies (who won in real life) mired in 5th 12 games back. 

The new teams have been bad, but not embarrassingly so. Newark is the worst and deep in 10th place, but certainly isn't historically bad. Kansas City is in 7th place, and is clearly better than the teams below it. Baltimore and Buffalo are in 7th and 8th in the NL, but are clearly of different caliber--Baltimore has been flirting with .500, while Buffalo is close enough to last place that it may end up there. 

The new Yankees have been a bit of a mixed bag. Heilmann has been great, and Plank has been the ace of the staff. Baker, however, has spent a lot of time on the Injured List and is not playing up to his usual standards. Vance has stayed on the reserve roster, though I plan to bring him up when rosters expand in a few days.  

Future: At this point, I'm imagining this as a long-term project. The real-life Yankees didn't win a pennant until 1921 and didn't win a World Series until 1923. I'm hoping to be able to get ahead of that schedule, but I'm not sure how realistic that is--while I took advantage of Connie Mack's fire sale I don't have any particular reason to think that the sweetheart relationship the Red Sox and Yankees had in the late teens (of which Ruth switching teams was just a piece) will actually be present in the game, nor will the Black Sox scandal. Nor am I guaranteed to get Lou Gehrig, say. So I need to keep an eye out for opportunities when I see them. Since I'm still a newb with OOTP we'll see how that goes. 

I've also put a bunch of semi-quantitative thought into how the majors might or might not expand or have teams relocate in this universe. That's fodder for another post or two, but having Baltimore and Kansas City already full in 1915 plus having not three but four teams in the NYC area seems like it'll certainly affect the first wave of relocations. I'm also debating if/how the not-awful conclusion of things from the standpoint of the Federal League could lead to further expansion much sooner than historically. 

*In reality, it doesn't necessarily make sense that the players became free agents, but it was an easy way to handle things at the start.